Processing data access requests from multiple interfaces for data storage devices

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods are disclosed for processing data access requests received from a direct access storage (DAS) interface and/or a network access storage (NAS) interface. The data access requests may be received from the DAS interface and the NAS interface substantially simultaneously. The data access requests may be scheduled based on priorities for the data access requests.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/667,470 filed on Mar. 24, 2015, entitled PROCESSING DATAACCESS REQUESTS FOR DATA STORAGE DEVICES (issued as U.S. Pat. No.9,785,361), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by referencein its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Distribution of data storage across one or more data storage devices canprovide increased data security through data redundancy. One type ofdata storage device may be a direct-attached storage (DAS) device. DASdevices may provide one or more computing devices with direct access todata via a connection cable (e.g., via a direct or physical connection).Another type of data storage device may be a network-attached storage(NAS) device. NAS devices may provide access to data over computernetworks (e.g., via a wired and/or wireless network).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various embodiments are depicted in the accompanying drawings forillustrative purposes, and should in no way be interpreted as limitingthe scope of this disclosure. In addition, various features of differentdisclosed embodiments can be combined to form additional embodiments,which are part of this disclosure.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a data storage system, according to anembodiment.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a data storage system, according to anembodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a data storage device, according to anembodiment.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a data storage device, according to anembodiment.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a process for processing dataaccess requests, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating a process for processing dataaccess requests, according to an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

While certain embodiments are described, these embodiments are presentedby way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope ofprotection. Indeed, the novel methods and systems described herein maybe embodied in a variety of other forms. Furthermore, various omissions,substitutions and changes in the form of the methods and systemsdescribed herein may be made without departing from the scope ofprotection.

The headings provided herein are for convenience only and do notnecessarily affect the scope or meaning of the claimed invention.Disclosed herein are example implementations, configurations, and/orembodiments relating to receiving and/or processing data access requestsfor a data storage device.

Overview

Data storage devices/systems may provide one or more computing deviceswith file-level data storage. One example of a data storagedevice/system may be a DAS device. The DAS device may be coupled to acomputing device (e.g., a laptop computer, a desktop computer, etc.) viaa connection cable (e.g., a Thunderbolt cable, an external serialadvanced technology attachment (eSATA) cable, a universal serial bus(USB) cable, etc.) coupled to a DAS interface (e.g., a communicationinterface such as USB, Thunderbolt, etc.) of the DAS device. A DASdevice may provide a convenient mechanism for transferring data betweencomputing devices, increasing the storage capacity (e.g., increase thestorage space) of a computing device, and/or providing increased datasecurity through data redundancy. Another example of a data storagedevice/system may be a NAS device. A NAS device may be coupled to anetwork via a NAS interface (e.g., a network interface such as Ethernet,802.11 (Wi-Fi), etc.). A NAS device may provide file-level data storageover a network (e.g., a computer network), wherein access to the storeddata is accessible to a group of clients. For example, a NAS device mayinclude hardware, software, or a combination of such elements,configured such that the NAS device operates as a file server. NASdevices/systems can provide a convenient mechanism for sharing dataamong multiple computers and/or remotely accessing data stored on theNAS devices/systems. As compared to traditional file servers, benefitsof NAS devices/systems may include the ability to access data fromvarious locations (e.g., remote locations), faster data access, easieradministration, and/or simpler configuration.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide the ability for a datastorage device to receive and/or process data access requests that arereceived from a communication interface (e.g., a DAS interface) and anetwork interface (e.g., a NAS interface) substantially simultaneously.The data storage device may schedule the data access requests based onvarious factors and/or parameters. The data storage device may alsooperate in a DAS mode (e.g., a DAS only mode where data is received viathe DAS interface only) or a NAS mode (e.g., a NAS only mode where datais received via the NAS interface only).

While certain embodiments are disclosed herein in the context of aparticular DAS interface (e.g., USB, Thunderbolt, eSATA, etc.) and/orNAS interface (e.g., Wi-Fi, 802.11, Ethernet, etc.), the principlesdisclosed herein may be applicable to any suitable or desirablecommunication interface.

Data Storage Devices

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a data storage system 100, according to anembodiment. In the data storage system 100 a data storage device 110 maybe communicatively coupled to one or more client devices (e.g.,computing devices) in order to provide file-based data storage servicesto the one or more client devices (e.g., one or more computing devices).Types of client devices (e.g., computing devices) that may have accessto the data storage device 110 may include, but are not limited to,phones 137 (e.g., smart phones, cellular phones, etc.), cable set-topboxes 136, smart TV's 135, video game consoles 134, laptop computers133, tablet computers 132, desktop computers 131, wearable computersand/or other types of computing devices.

The data storage device 110 device may provide various client devices(e.g., phones 137, cable set-top boxes 136, smart TV's 135, video gameconsoles 134, laptop computers 133, tablet computers 132, desktopcomputers 131) with access to various types of user data stored on thedata storage device 110. The data storage device 110 may also allowusers to store various types of user data on the data storage device110. The data storage device 110 may comprise magnetic media, hard diskmedia, and/or solid-state media. While certain description herein refersto solid state memory generally, it is understood that solid statememory may comprise one or more of various types of solid statenon-volatile memory devices such as flash integrated circuits,Chalcogenide RAM (C-RAM), Phase Change Memory (PC-RAM or PRAM),Programmable Metallization Cell RAM (PMC-RAM or PMCm), Ovonic UnifiedMemory (OUM), Resistance RAM (RRAM), NAND memory (e.g., single-levelcell (SLC) memory, multi-level cell (MLC) memory, or any combinationthereof), NOR memory, EEPROM, Ferroelectric Memory (FeRAM),Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), other discrete NVM (non-volatile memory)chips, or any combination thereof.

With further reference to FIG. 1, the data storage device 110 (e.g.,magnetic disk drive, hybrid hard drive, solid-state drive, etc.) mayinclude a controller (not shown in FIG. 1) configured to receive datacommands and to execute such commands in one or more non-volatile memorycomponents of the data storage device 110. Such commands may includedata read/write commands, and the like. The controller may be configuredto receive data commands from a communication interface residing on acomputing device. Data commands may specify a block address in the datastorage device 110 and data may be accessed/transferred based on suchcommands. The data commands may also be referred to as data accessrequests.

The data storage device 110 may be configured to store data in one ormore magnetic recording disks and/or the solid state memorydevices/arrays. In an embodiment, the data storage device 110 maycomprise a cable box, a backup disk drive, a media storage unit, astreaming media device, a digital camera, or any other electronic devicewhich may store data that may need to be accessed directly orwirelessly.

In certain embodiments, the data storage device 110 may store datareceived from a client device such that the data storage device 110 actsas data storage for the client device. To facilitate this function, thedata storage device 110 may implement a logical interface. The logicalinterface can present to the client device memory as a set of logicaladdresses (e.g., sequential/contiguous addresses) where data may bestored. Internally, the controller may map logical addresses to variousphysical memory addresses in the non-volatile memory of the data storagedevice 110. Mapping data indicating the mapping of logical addresses tophysical memory addresses may be maintained in the data storage device110.

In one embodiment, the data storage device 110 may be a DAS device. TheDAS device may be directly coupled to client device (e.g., a desktopcomputer 131) via connection cable 120. The connection cable 120 may becoupled to a communication interface (e.g., a USB interface, aThunderbolt interface, etc.) of the DAS device (e.g., data storagedevice 110). In another embodiment, the data storage device 110 may alsobe a NAS device. The NAS device may also be coupled to the clientdevices (e.g., computing devices) 131-137 via a network 105. The NASdevice may be coupled to the network 105 via a network interface (e.g.,an Ethernet interface, an 802.11 (Wi-Fi) interface, etc.). Each of theclient devices 131-137 may also be coupled to the network 105 via anetwork interface. In one embodiment, network 105 may include a publicnetwork (e.g., the Internet), a private network (e.g., a local areanetwork (LAN)), a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet, a wirednetwork (e.g., Ethernet network), a wireless network (e.g., an 802.11network or a Wi-Fi network), a cellular network (e.g., a Long TermEvolution (LTE) network), routers, hubs, switches, server computers,other types of computer networks, and/or a combination thereof.

In one embodiment, the data storage device 110 may receive data accessrequests from the client devices 131-137 via the communication interface(e.g., a DAS interface such as USB, Thunderbolt) and/or via the networkinterface (e.g., Ethernet, 802.11, etc.). The data access requests maybe messages, commands, and/or requests to access data on the datastorage device. For example, a data access request may indicate that acomputing device wants to read data from the data storage device 110. Inanother example, a data access request may indicate that a computingdevice wants to write data to the data storage device 110.

Although data storage devices/drives/systems may provide variousbenefits, as described above, in certain configurations, such systemsmay be associated with various issues and/or drawbacks. As discussedabove, the data storage device 110 may be a DAS device that is coupledto one or more of the client devices 131-137 via a connection cable 120(and may be a NAS device that is coupled to the one or more of theclient devices 131-137 via the network 105. Generally, data storagedevices may be unable to receive and/or process data access requestsfrom both a network interface (e.g., a NAS interface) and acommunication interface (e.g., a DAS interface) substantiallysimultaneously. For example, some data storage devices may operateexclusively in a DAS mode (e.g., a mode where data access requests mayonly be received via the communication interface) or a NAS mode (wheredata access requests may only be received via the network interface). Inanother example, other data storage devices may multiplex data accessrequests between a network interface and a communication interface. Forexample, the data storage device may receive data access requests fromthe communication interface for a first period of time and may switch toreceiving data access requests from the network interface for a secondperiod of time.

It may be useful to provide a data storage device that allows dataaccess requests to be received and/or processed from both acommunication interface and a network interface substantiallysimultaneously. Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide the abilityto receive and/or process data access requests that are received from acommunication interface (e.g., a DAS interface) and a network interface(e.g., a NAS interface) substantially simultaneously. This may allow thedata storage device 110 to receive and/or process data access requestsmore quickly and/or efficiently. This may also allow the data storagedevice 110 to be used as both a DAS device and a NAS devicesimultaneously.

Substantially Simultaneous NAS and DAS Access to Data Storage Devices

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a data storage system 200 according to anembodiment. The data storage system 200 includes a computing device 211,a computing device 213, a connection cable 250, and a data storagedevice 220. Each of the computing devices 211 and 213 may be a laptopcomputer, a desktop computer, a server computer, a tablet computer, asmart phone, a set-top box, a smart TV, a video game console, etc. Thedata storage device 220 may include a controller 230, a DAS interface241 (e.g., USB, Thunderbolt, eSATA, etc.), a NAS interface 243 (e.g.,Ethernet, Wi-Fi, etc.), and non-volatile storage components 245. In oneembodiment, the non-volatile storage components 245 may includenon-volatile magnetic media, and/or solid-state memory, such as NANDflash. The controller 230 may provide overall control for the datastorage device 220. In certain embodiments, the data storage device 220may be a hard disk drive. The non-volatile storage components 245 mayinclude one or more disks and the data storage device 220 may furtherinclude one or more heads (not shown) actuated radially over thedisk(s), and a spindle motor for rotating the disk(s). Alternatively to,or in addition to, magnetic rotating media, solid-state memory and/orother non-volatile memory such as MRAM and/or phase change memory may beused. In certain embodiments, the data storage device 220 may be, forexample, a hybrid hard drive including both magnetic media andsolid-state media.

The controller 230 may receive data access requests (e.g., data andstorage access commands) from a DAS interface 212 (e.g., a USBinterface, a Thunderbolt interface) of the computing device 211. Dataaccess requests communicated by the DAS interface 212 may include writeand read commands issued by the computing device 211. The data accessrequests may specify an LBA, or range of LBAs, in the data storagedevice 220, and the controller 230 may execute the received data accessrequests in the non-volatile storage components 245. The controller 230may also receive data access request from a NAS interface 214 (e.g., anEthernet interface, a Wi-Fi interface, etc.) of the computing device213. The controller may determine an LBA and/or a range of LBAs in thedata storage device 220 based on the data access requests and mayexecute the received data access requests in the non-volatile storagecomponents 245. In a hybrid hard drive, data may be stored in a magneticmedia storage component as well as non-volatile solid-state memory.

The data storage device 220 may store data received from the computingdevices 211 and 213, such that the data storage device 220 acts asmemory for the computing devices 211 and 213. To facilitate this memoryfunction, the controller 230 may implement a logical interface. Thelogical interface may present to the computing devices 211 and 213 thememory of the data storage device 220 as a set of logical addresses(e.g., contiguous address) where data can be stored. The controller 230may map logical addresses to various physical memory addresses in thenon-volatile storage components 245 and/or other memory module(s).

The data storage device 220 may be configured to implement dataredundancy, wherein user data stored in the non-volatile storagecomponents 245 is maintained in one or more internal and/or externaldrives. For example, the controller 230 may include a data redundancymanagement module (not shown in FIG. 2) configured to implementredundancy functionality. The data redundancy management module mayimplement redundant array of independent disks (RAID) technology,wherein the non-volatile storage components 245 includes a plurality ofinternal drives, disks, or other data storage partitions combined into alogical unit for the purposes of data redundancy and performanceimprovement. In addition, or alternatively, the data redundancymanagement module may be configured to implement RAID using one or moreinternal memory modules in combination with one or more external memorydevices, as discussed in greater detail below.

For RAID purposes, the non-volatile storage components 245 may includean array of one or more storage devices, such as hard disks or othermemory modules that are configured to store user data. In certainembodiments, such internal memory modules/disks may be each directlycoupled to the controller 230 to provide a high bandwidth interface forreading and writing user data. The non-volatile storage components 245may include one or more additional memory modules configured to storeparity information.

The controller 230 may be configured to divide and replicate user dataamong the physical RAID memory modules, providing storagevirtualization; the array may be accessed by the computing devices 211and 213 as a single drive. Data may be distributed across the RAIDmemory modules/drives according to any desirable or practical RAIDlevel, depending on the level of redundancy and/or performance desired.For example, the data storage device 220 may be configured to implementRAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6, RAID 10, other RAID technology, or othererasure coding technology, depending on data reliability, availability,performance and/or capacity considerations or requirements.

The computing device 211 may be coupled to the data storage device 220via connection cable 250. The connection cable 250 may directly connectthe computing device 211 and the data storage device 220. The connectioncable 250 may use one or more communication interfaces (such as a businterface) and/or protocols that may allow the computing device 211 tocommunicate with the data storage device 220. The DAS interface 212 and241 may be USB interfaces, Thunderbolt interfaces, serial attached SCSI(SAS), eSATA interface, etc.

In one embodiment, the connection cable 250 may include one or more datalines (e.g., one or more wires, pins, etc.) that allow the computingdevice 211 to communicate data with the data storage device 220. Forexample, the connection cable 250 may include data lines (not shown inFIG. 2) that the computing device 211 may use to read data from and/orwrite data to the data storage device 220. The computing device 211 maycommunicate data to and from the data storage device using the DASinterface 212 (e.g., via the DAS interface 212). In another embodiment,the computing device 211 may provide an input voltage to the datastorage device 220 and the data storage device 220 may use the inputvoltage to operate one or more components of the data storage device 220(e.g., the controller 230, the non-volatile storage components 245, amotor, etc.). The connection cable 250 may include one or more voltagelines (e.g., wires, pins, etc.) that may receive the input voltage fromthe computing device 211 via the DAS interface 212. The one or morevoltage lines may provide the input voltage (received from the computingdevice 211) to the data storage device 220 via the communicationinterface 240. In a further embodiment, the data storage device 220 maybe coupled to a separate power source (e.g., may be coupled to abattery, to an AC adaptor, to a wall outlet, etc.).

In one embodiment, the connection cable 250 may include a bridge unit(not shown in FIG. 2). For example, the connection cable 250 may includea USB bridge, a Thunderbolt bridge, or other type of bridge. The bridgeunit may translate between two different types of communicationinterfaces and/or protocols. For example, if a connected storage devicecommunicates in a first protocol, but not a second protocol, the bridgeunit may translate the second protocol to the first protocol, or viceversa.

The computing device 213 may be communicatively coupled to the datastorage device 220 via a network 205 (e.g., one or more of a Wi-Finetwork, a LAN, a cellular network, etc.). The computing device 213 maysend data (e.g., files, images, movies, etc.) and/or data accessrequests to the data storage device 220 via the NAS interface 214 (e.g.,an Ethernet interface, a Wi-Fi interface, etc.) and the network 205. Thedata storage device 220 may receive the data and/or data access requestsfrom the computing device 213 via the NAS interface 243.

In one embodiment, the controller 230 may determine whether the datastorage device 220 should be configured to operate in a dual accessmode. In the dual access mode, the data storage device 220 may be ableto receive data access requests from the computing device 211 (via theDAS interface 241) and the computing device 213 (via the NAS interface243) substantially simultaneously (as discussed in more detail below).In another embodiment, the controller may also determine whether thedata storage device 220 should operate in a DAS mode (e.g., a mode wheredata access requests are received via the DAS interface 241 only) or aNAS mode (a mode where data access requests are received via the NASinterface 243 only). In one embodiment, the controller 230 may determinepriorities for the data access requests received from the DAS interface241 and the NAS interface 243 (as discussed in more detail below). Thecontroller 230 may schedule the data access requests based on thepriorities for the data access requests (as discussed in more detailbelow). In another embodiment, the controller 230 may also determine orcalculate LBAs for data access requests received via the NAS interface243 (as discussed in more detail below). In a further embodiment, thecontroller 230 may configure a random access memory (e.g., a dynamicaccess memory (DRAM)) to cache data received via the DAS interface 241and the NAS interface 243 (as discussed in more detail below).

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a data storage device 220 according to anembodiment. The data storage device 220 includes a controller 230, arandom-access memory 340, a DAS interface 241 (e.g., USB, Thunderbolt,eSATA, etc.), a NAS interface 243 (e.g., Ethernet, Wi-Fi, etc.), and anon-volatile memory 305 (e.g., one or more non-volatile storagecomponents such as magnetic media, solid-state memory, etc.). The datastorage device 220 may store data received from computing devices suchthat the data storage device 220 acts as memory for the computingdevices. The controller 230 includes an access module 300. The accessmodule 300 includes a translation module 310 and a scheduling module320. In some embodiments, the access module 300 may be separate from thecontroller 230. In other embodiments, the translation module 310 and/orthe scheduling module 320 may be separate from the access module 300.

As discussed above, the data storage device 220 may be coupled to one ormore computing devices via the DAS interface 241 (e.g., a USB interface,an eSATA interface, a Thunderbolt interface, etc.). The data storagedevice may also be coupled to one or more computing devices via the NASinterface 243 (e.g., an Ethernet interface, a Wi-Fi interface, etc.).The data storage device 220 may receive the data and/or data accessrequests from the computing devices via DAS interface 241 and/or NASinterface 243. The data storage device 220 may be configured toimplement data redundancy (e.g., RAID), wherein user data stored in thenon-volatile memory 305 is maintained in one or more internal and/orexternal drives.

In one embodiment, the controller 230 and/or access module 300 maydetermine whether the data storage device 220 should be configured tooperate in a dual access mode. For example, the controller 230 and/oraccess module 300 may determine whether the DAS interface 241 is coupledto a computing device and whether the NAS interface 243 is coupled to anetwork (e.g., a Wi-Fi network, a LAN, etc.) and/or computing device. Ifthe DAS interface is coupled to a computing device and the NAS interface243 is coupled to a network/computing device, the controller 230 and/oraccess module 300 may determine that the data storage device 220 shouldoperate in a dual access mode. In the dual access mode, the data storagedevice 220 may substantially simultaneously receive and/or process dataaccess requests from a first computing device directly coupled to thedata storage device 220 (e.g., local or direct access) and a secondcomputing device coupled to the data storage device 220 via a network(remote or network access). For example, referring to FIG. 2, the datastorage device 220 may be able to receive and/or process data accessrequests from the computing device 211 (via the DAS interface 241) andthe computing device 213 (via the NAS interface 243) substantiallysimultaneously (e.g., data access requests may be received via the DASinterface 241 and the NAS interface 243 at substantially the same time).In another example, referring to FIG. 2, a first access request may bereceived via the DAS interface 241 and a second access request may bereceived via the NAS interface 243 before the first access request isscheduled. In a further example, referring to FIG. 2, a first accessrequest may be received via the NAS interface 243 and a second accessrequest may be received via the DAS interface 241 before the firstaccess request is scheduled.

In another embodiment, the data access requests received from the DASinterface 241 may include one or more LBAs and the controller 230 and/oraccess module 300 may use the one or more LBAs to access (e.g., readand/or write) data stored in the non-volatile memory 305. For example,data access request D1, D2, and D3 may include one or more LBAs. Thecontroller 230 and/or access module 300 may map the one or more LBAs tovarious physical memory addresses in the non-volatile memory 305 and/orother memory module(s). In another embodiment, the data access requestsreceived from the NAS interface may not include LBAs. For example, adata access request received from the NAS interface 243 may include anidentifier (e.g., a file name, a hash, etc.) for a data object (e.g., afile, a directory) stored in the non-volatile memory 305. Thetranslation module 310 may determine and/or calculate one or more LBAsfor data access requests received via the NAS interface 243 and thecontroller 230 and/or access module 300 may use the one or more LBAs toaccess (e.g., read and/or write) data stored in the non-volatile memory305. For example, the translation module 310 may receive data accessrequests N1, N2, and N3. The translation module 310 may determine and/orcalculate one or more LBAs and may generate data access requests T1, T2,and T3. The translation module may also update and/or modify the dataaccess requests N1, N2, and N3 (e.g., may add the one or more LBAs tothe data access requests N1, N2, and N3) to generate the data accessrequests T1, T2, and T3.

In one embodiment, the scheduling module 320 may determine prioritiesfor the data access requests received from the DAS interface 241 and theNAS interface 243. The scheduling module 320 may determine (e.g.,calculate) priorities for the data access requests based on one or morefactors/parameters. In one embodiment, data access requests receivedfrom a type of interface may be given a higher priority (e.g., dataaccess requests D1, D2, and D3 received from the DAS interface 241 maybe given higher priority or data access requests N1, N2, and N3 receivedfrom the NAS interface 243 may be given higher priority). In anotherembodiment, the size of a data access request may be used to determine apriority of a data access request. For example, a smaller data accessrequest may be given more priority or a larger data access request maybe given more priority. In a further embodiment, the locations in thenon-volatile memory 305 for the data access requests may be used todetermine priority's for data access requests. For example, data accessrequests that are accessing (e.g., reading and/or writing) data on asame track/cylinder may be given higher priority. In another example,data access requests that are accessing data on the same page and/orbank of memory may be given higher priority. In other embodiments,various other types of factors and/or parameters may be used todetermine priorities for data access requests. In addition, combinationsof factors and/or parameters may be used to determine priorities fordata access requests. Furthermore, different factors and/or parametersmay be weighted differently when determining priorities for data accessrequests.

In one embodiment, the scheduling module 320 may schedule data accessrequests with higher priorities before data access requests with lowerpriorities. The scheduling module 320 may insert data access requestsinto a queue (e.g., a data access request queue, a list, etc.) and thecontroller 230 and/or access module 300 may perform the data accessrequests that are in the queue. In one embodiment, the scheduling module320 may determine the priorities of data access requests prior toinserting the data access requests into the queue. For example, thescheduling module 320 may calculate/determine priorities for a pluralityof data access requests and may insert data access requests with higherpriorities into the queue first. In another embodiment, the schedulingmodule 320 may insert the data access requests into the queue and maydetermine the priorities of the data access requests. The schedulingmodule 320 may reorder (e.g., shuffle) the data access requests withinthe queue after determining the priorities of the data access requests.In one embodiment, the scheduling module 320 may also update thepriorities of data access requests based on an amount of time that adata access request has been in the queue. For example, the longer adata access request remains in the queue, the higher the priority forthe data access request. This may prevent a data access request frombeing pre-empted by other data access requests with higher priority.

In one embodiment, the access module 300 may also determine whether thedata storage device should operate in DAS mode or NAS mode. For example,the access module 300 may determine whether the DAS interface 241 iscoupled to a computing device or whether the NAS interface 243 iscoupled to a network and/or computing device. When operating in DASmode, data and/or data access requests may be received via the DASinterface 241 only. When operating in NAS mode, data and/or data accessrequest may be received via the NAS interface 243 only. The translationmodule 310 may determine and/or calculate one or more LBAs for dataaccess requests received via the NAS interface 243 when operating in NASmode. When the data storage device operates in DAS mode (e.g., DAS onlymode) or NAS mode (e.g., NAS only mode), the scheduling module may alsoschedule the data requests received from the DAS interface 241 (when thedata storage device 220 operates in DAS mode) or the NAS interface 243(when the data storage device 220 operates in NAS mode) based onpriority (as discussed above).

In one embodiment, the controller 230 and/or access module 300 mayconfigure a random-access memory 340 to cache data. Examples of randomaccess memory may include, but are not limited to, dynamic random-accessmemory (DRAM), static random-access memory (SRAM), etc. Therandom-access memory 340 may be configured based on whether the datastorage device 220 is operating in dual mode, DAS mode, or NAS mode. Forexample, a first portion of the random-access memory 340 may beconfigured or used to cache data received via the DAS interface 241 anda second portion of the random-access memory 340 may be used configuredor used to cache data received from the NAS interface 243 when the datastorage device 220 is operating in dual mode. In another example, therandom-access memory 340 (e.g., all of the random access memory 340) maybe configured or used to cache data received via the DAS interface 241when the data storage device 220 is operating in DAS mode. In a furtherexample, the random-access memory 340 (e.g., all of the random accessmemory 340) may be configured or used to cache data received via the NASinterface 243 when the data storage device 220 is operating in NAS mode.

In one embodiment, the random-access memory 340 and/or any othercaches/memories used by the controller 230 may be periodically flushedto help protect against the loss of data if the data storage device 220experiences a failure. For example, data in the random-access memory 340(or other caches/memories) may be periodically written to thenon-volatile memory 305 to help prevent the data in the random-accessmemory 340 from being lost if the data storage device experiences apower failure or crashes. In another embodiment, the random-accessmemory 340 and/or other caches/memories may be coupled to a power supply(e.g., a capacitor) that may allow the random-access memory 340 toretain data for a period of time in the event of a power loss. This mayhelp prevent the data in the random-access memory from being lost duringa temporary power failure. For example, the power supply may provideshort term power protection for the random-access memory 340 (or othercaches/memories).

In one embodiment, the access module 300 may also handle concurrencyissues for different access requests. For example, a first data accessrequest to access a block of data may be received on the NAS interface243 and a second data access request to access the same block of datamay be received on the DAS interface 241. If both data access requestsare performed at the same time, the block of data may becomeinconsistent. The access module 300 may determine which data accessrequest should be performed first and may prevent the block of data frombeing accessed simultaneously by the first data access request and thesecond data access request. For example, the access module 300 maydetermine which data access request was received first by the accessmodule 300 and may prioritize the data access request that was receivedfirst. In another example, the access module 300 may perform the dataaccess request received from the DAS interface 241 first.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a data storage device 220 according to anembodiment. The data storage device 220 includes a controller 230, anon-volatile memory 305 (e.g., one or more non-volatile storagecomponents such as magnetic media, solid-state memory, etc.), an accessmodule 300, a Linux operating system (OS) 410, a DAS module 420, aserver message block (SMB) server 430, a hypertext transfer protocol(HTTP) server 440 (e.g., a web server), and a digital live networkalliance (DLNA) server 450. The data storage device 220 may store datareceived from the computing devices such that the data storage device220 acts as memory for the computing devices. As discussed above, thedata storage device 220 may be coupled to one or more computing devicesvia a DAS interface 241 and/or NAS interface 243. The data storagedevice 220 may receive data and/or data access requests from computingdevices via the DAS interface 241 and/or the NAS interface 243.

The DAS interface 241 may be coupled to a DAS module 420. In oneembodiment, the DAS module 420 may allow the data storage device totransmit/receive data and/or data messages via the DAS interface 241.For example, the DAS module 420 may understand the communicationprotocol used by the DAS interface 241. The DAS module 420 may be ableto extract and/or identify the data access requests from the messagesand/or signaling protocols used by the DAS interface 241. For example,the DAS module 420 may be a USB driver that may understand the USBprotocol and may extract/identify the data access requests from USBpackets or frames.

The SMB server 430 may be coupled to the NAS interface 243. For example,the SMB server 430 may receive data and/or data access requests fromcomputing devices via the NAS interface 243. In one embodiment, the SMBserver 430 may allow computing devices to access files and/or foldersthat are stored in the non-volatile memory 305 of the data storagedevice 220. For example, the data storage device 220 may be coupled to aLAN (via the NAS interface 243) and the SMB server 430 may allowcomputing devices coupled to a LAN to access files and/or folders of thedata storage device 220.

The HTTP server 440 may be coupled to the NAS interface 243. Forexample, the HTTP server 440 may receive data and/or data accessrequests from computing devices via the NAS interface 243. In oneembodiment, the HTTP server 440 may also allow computing devices toaccess files and/or folders that are stored in the non-volatile memory305 of the data storage device 220. For example, the data storage device220 may be coupled to a WAN (e.g., the Internet) and the HTTP server 440may be a web server that allows data to be transferred between the datastorage device 220 and the computing devices of the WAN.

The DLNA server 450 may be coupled to the NAS interface 243. Forexample, the DLNA server 450 may receive data and/or data accessrequests from computing devices via the NAS interface 243. In oneembodiment, the DLNA server 450 may allow computing devices to accessmultimedia files (e.g., music, pictures/images, movies, etc.) and/orfolders that are stored in the non-volatile memory 305 of the datastorage device 220. For example, the data storage device 220 may becoupled to a LAN (via the NAS interface 243) and the DLNA server 450 mayallow computing devices coupled to a LAN to access multimedia filesand/or folders of the data storage device 220.

In one embodiment, the Linux OS 410 may be software that manageshardware and software resources of a device (e.g., data storage device220). The Linux OS 410 may provide common services that allow the SMBserver 430, the HTTP server 440, and the DLNA server 450 to function.The SMB server 430, the HTTP server 440, and the DLNA server 450 mayeach operate in conjunction with the Linux OS 410. For example, the SMBserver may be a service, a process, a daemon, etc., that is executedwithin or executed by the Linux OS 410. In one embodiment, the Linux OS410 may reside within a partition or file system of the data storagedevice 220. The Linux OS 410 includes a file system (FS) module 415. Inone embodiment, the FS module 415 may operate in conjunction with theaccess module 300 to access data stored in the non-volatile memory 305.The FS module 415 may receive identifiers (e.g., file names, hashes,etc.) for files and/or folders from one or more of the SMB server 430,the HTTP server 440, and the DLNA server 450. The FS module 415 maydetermine which blocks of data on the non-volatile memory 305 areassociated with the files and/or folders. The FS module 415 maydetermine LBAs for the blocks of data and/or may allow the access module300 to determine LBAs for the blocks of data (e.g., may provide a listof the blocks to the access module 300).

In one embodiment, the controller 230 and/or the access module 300 maydetermine whether the data storage device 220 should be configured tooperate in a dual access mode, NAS mode, or DAS mode (as discussedabove). The controller 230 and/or the access module 300 may determinepriorities for the data access requests received from the DAS interface241 and the NAS interface 243, and may schedule the data access requestsbased on the priorities (as discussed above). The controller 230 and/oraccess module 300 may also receive and/or process requests from the DASinterface 241 and the NAS interface 243 substantially simultaneously.For example, the controller 230 and/or access module 300 may receive afirst access request via the NAS interface 241 and a second accessrequest via the NAS interface 243 substantially simultaneously (e.g.,the first access request and the second access request may be receivedat substantially the same time). In another example, referring to FIG.2, a first access request may be received via the DAS interface 241 anda second access request may be received via the NAS interface 243 beforethe first access request is scheduled. In a further example, referringto FIG. 2, a first access request may be received via the NAS interface243 and a second access request may be received via the DAS interface241 before the first access request is scheduled. The controller 230and/or the access module 300 may also determine or calculate LBAs fordata access requests received via the NAS interface 243 (as discussedabove). The controller 230 and/or the access module 300 may alsoconfigure a random access memory to cache data received via the DASinterface 241 and/or the NAS interface 243 (as discussed above).

In one embodiment, the access module 300 may be a block level filterdriver. For example, the access module 300 may be a driver (or firmware,or hardware, or a combination thereof) that may provide access to datastored on the non-volatile memory 305 at a block level. The accessmodule 300 may receive LBAs (via a data access request) and/or maydetermine LBAs (for a data access request) to access the data stored onthe non-volatile memory 305. The access module 300 may also handlescheduling of data access requests and concurrency issues for differentaccess requests (as discussed above).

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a process 500 for processing dataaccess requests, according to an embodiment. The process 500 may beperformed by a controller and/or an access module, as illustrated anddiscussed above in conjunction with FIGS. 1-4. The controller and theaccess module may each be processing logic that includes hardware (e.g.,circuitry, dedicated logic, programmable logic, microcode, etc.),software (e.g., instructions run on a processor to perform hardwaresimulation), firmware, or a combination thereof.

The process 500 begins at block 505 where the process 500 determineswhether a data storage device should operate in a dual mode, a DAS mode,or a NAS mode. For example, the process 500 may determine whether theDAS interface and/or NAS interface of the data storage device arecoupled to computing devices and/or networks (as discussed above). Ifthe data storage device should operate in the dual mode (e.g., mayreceive data and/or data access requests from the DAS interface and NASinterface substantially simultaneously), the process 500 may receive afirst data access request from the DAS interface and a second dataaccess request from the NAS interface substantially simultaneously. Forexample, a first access request may be received via a DAS interface anda second access request may be received via a NAS interface before thefirst access request is scheduled. In another example, a first accessrequest may be received via a NAS interface and a second access requestmay be received via a DAS interface before the first access request isscheduled. In a further example, the first access request may bereceived via a DAS interface and the second access request may bereceived via a NAS interface at substantially the same time (e.g.,substantially simultaneously). At block 525, the process 500 mayschedule the first data access request and the second data accessrequest. For example the process 500 may schedule the first data accessrequest and the second data access request based on priorities for thedata access requests.

If the data storage device should operate in DAS mode (e.g., data and/ordata access requests may be received via the DAS interface only), theprocess 500 receives a third data access request from the DAS interfaceat block 510. The process 500 may also receive additional data accessrequests from the DAS interface at block 510. At block 515, the process500 schedules the third data access request and/or the additional dataaccess requests. For example, the process 500 may schedule the thirddata access request and/or the additional data access requests based onpriorities for the data access requests. If the data storage deviceshould operate in NAS mode (e.g., data and/or data access requests maybe received via the NAS interface only), the process 500 receives afourth data access request from the NAS interface at block 530. Theprocess 500 may also receive additional data access requests from theNAS interface at block 530. At block 535, the process 500 schedules thefourth data access request and/or the additional data access requests.For example, the process 500 may schedule the fourth data access requestand/or the additional data access requests based on priorities for thedata access requests.

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating a process 600 for processing dataaccess requests, according to an embodiment. The process 600 may beperformed by a controller and/or an access module, as illustrated anddiscussed above in conjunction with FIGS. 1-4. The controller and theaccess module may each be processing logic that includes hardware (e.g.,circuitry, dedicated logic, programmable logic, microcode, etc.),software (e.g., instructions run on a processor to perform hardwaresimulation), firmware, or a combination thereof.

The process 600 begins at block 605 where the process 600 determines afirst priority for a first data access request. At block 610, theprocess 600 determines a second priority for a second data accessrequest. In one embodiment, the first data access request and the seconddata access request may be received from different interfaces (e.g., onedata access request is received via a DAS interface and one data accessrequest is received via a NAS interface). In another embodiment, thefirst data access request and the second data access request may bereceived from the same interface (e.g., both data access requests arereceived via the NAS interface or the DAS interface). At block 615, theprocess 600 determines whether the first priority is greater than orequal to the second priority. If the first priority is greater than orequal to the second priority, the process 600 may schedule the firstdata access request before the second data access request at block 620.If the first priority is less than the second priority, the process 600may schedule the first data access request after the second data accessrequest at block 625.

ADDITIONAL EMBODIMENTS

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in some embodiments, othertypes of distributed data storage systems can be implemented whileremaining within the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, theactual steps taken in the processes discussed herein may differ fromthose described or shown in the figures. Depending on the embodiment,certain of the steps described above may be removed, others may beadded.

While certain embodiments have been described, these embodiments havebeen presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit thescope of protection. Indeed, the novel methods and systems describedherein may be embodied in a variety of other forms. Furthermore, variousomissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the methods andsystems described herein may be made. The accompanying claims and theirequivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as wouldfall within the scope and spirit of the protection. For example, thevarious components illustrated in the figures may be implemented assoftware and/or firmware on a processor, ASIC/FPGA, or dedicatedhardware. Also, the features and attributes of the specific embodimentsdisclosed above may be combined in different ways to form additionalembodiments, all of which fall within the scope of the presentdisclosure. Although the present disclosure provides certain preferredembodiments and applications, other embodiments that are apparent tothose of ordinary skill in the art, including embodiments which do notprovide all of the features and advantages set forth herein, are alsowithin the scope of this disclosure. Accordingly, the scope of thepresent disclosure is intended to be defined only by reference to theappended claims.

The words “example” or “exemplary” are used herein to mean serving as anexample, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design describedherein as “example” or “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed aspreferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. Rather, use ofthe words “example” or “exemplary” is intended to present concepts in aconcrete fashion. As used in this disclosure, the term “or” is intendedto mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or”. That is, unlessspecified otherwise, or clear from context, “X includes A or B” isintended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, ifX includes A; X includes B; or X includes both A and B, then “X includesA or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition,the articles “a” and “an” as used in this disclosure and the appendedclaims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unlessspecified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singularform. Moreover, use of the term “an embodiment” or “one embodiment” or“an implementation” or “one implementation” throughout is not intendedto mean the same embodiment or implementation unless described as such.Furthermore, the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc., asused herein are meant as labels to distinguish among different elementsand may not necessarily have an ordinal meaning according to theirnumerical designation.

All of the processes described above may be embodied in, and fullyautomated via, software code modules executed by one or more generalpurpose or special purpose computers or processors. The code modules maybe stored on any type of computer-readable medium or other computerstorage device or collection of storage devices. Some or all of themethods may alternatively be embodied in specialized computer hardware.

What is claimed is:
 1. A data storage device, comprising: a non-volatilememory; and a controller coupled to the non-volatile memory, thecontroller configured to: determine whether to operate in a dual accessmode or a direct-access mode, wherein: the dual access mode allows adata storage device to receive data access requests from a direct-accessstorage interface and a network-access storage interface simultaneously;and the direct-access mode allows the data storage device to receivedata access requests from the direct-access storage interface only;receive a first data access request from the direct-access storageinterface and a second data access request from the network-accessstorage interface while operating in the dual access mode, wherein thefirst data access request and the second data access request arereceived simultaneously; and schedule the first data access request andthe second data access request while operating in the dual access mode.2. The data storage device of claim 1, further comprising: a dynamicrandom-access memory (DRAM) coupled to the controller, wherein thecontroller is further configured to: cache first data received from thedirect-access storage interface in a first portion of the DRAM whileoperating in the dual access mode; and cache second data received fromthe network-access storage interface in a second portion of the DRAMwhile operating in the dual access mode.
 3. The data storage device ofclaim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to: receive athird data access request from the direct-access storage interface whileoperating in the direct-access mode; and schedule the third data accessrequest while operating in the direct-access mode.
 4. The data storagedevice of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to schedule thefirst data access request and the second data access request by:determining a first priority for the first data access request and asecond priority for the second data access request; and scheduling thefirst data access request and the second data access request based onthe first priority and the second priority.
 5. The data storage deviceof claim 4, wherein: responsive to the first priority being greater thanor equal to the second priority, the first data access request isscheduled before the second data access request; and responsive to thefirst priority being less than the second priority, the first dataaccess request is scheduled after the second data access request.
 6. Thedata storage device of claim 4, wherein the first priority and thesecond priority are based on interface types associated with the firstdata access request and the second data access request.
 7. The datastorage device of claim 4, wherein the first priority and the secondpriority are based on a first size for the first data access request anda second size for the second data access request.
 8. The data storagedevice of claim 4, wherein the first priority and the second priorityare based on a first storage location associated with the first dataaccess request and a second storage location associated with the seconddata access request.
 9. The data storage device of claim 1, wherein thecontroller is further configured to: determine a logical block addressfor the second data access request.
 10. The data storage device of claim1, wherein the first data access request comprises a logical blockaddress.
 11. A data storage device, comprising: a non-volatile memory;and a controller coupled to the non-volatile memory, the controllerconfigured to: determine whether to operate in a dual access mode or anetwork-access mode, wherein: the dual access mode allows a data storagedevice to receive data access requests from a direct-access storageinterface and a network-access storage interface simultaneously; and thenetwork-access mode allows the data storage device to receive dataaccess requests from the network-access storage interface only; receivea first data access request from the direct-access storage interface anda second data access request from the network-access storage interfacewhile operating in the dual access mode, wherein the first data accessrequest and the second data access request are received simultaneously;and schedule the first data access request and the second data accessrequest while operating in the dual access mode.
 12. The data storagedevice of claim 11, further comprising: a dynamic random-access memory(DRAM) coupled to the controller, wherein the controller is furtherconfigured to: cache first data received from the direct-access storageinterface in a first portion of the DRAM while operating in the dualaccess mode; and cache second data received from the network-accessstorage interface in a second portion of the DRAM while operating in thedual access mode.
 13. The data storage device of claim 11, wherein thecontroller is further configured to: receive a third data access requestfrom the network-access storage interface while operating in thenetwork-access mode; and schedule the third data access request whileoperating in the network-access mode.
 14. The data storage device ofclaim 11, wherein the controller is configured to schedule the firstdata access request and the second data access request by: determining afirst priority for the first data access request and a second priorityfor the second data access request; and scheduling the first data accessrequest and the second data access request based on the first priorityand the second priority.
 15. The data storage device of claim 14,wherein: responsive to the first priority being greater than or equal tothe second priority, the first data access request is scheduled beforethe second data access request; and responsive to the first prioritybeing less than the second priority, the first data access request isscheduled after the second data access request.
 16. The data storagedevice of claim 14, wherein the first priority and the second priorityare based on interface types associated with the first data accessrequest and the second data access request.
 17. The data storage deviceof claim 14, wherein the first priority and the second priority arebased on a first size for the first data access request and a secondsize for the second data access request.
 18. The data storage device ofclaim 14, wherein the first priority and the second priority are basedon a first storage location associated with the first data accessrequest and a second storage location associated with the second dataaccess request.
 19. A method comprising: determining whether to operatein a dual access mode or a network-access mode, wherein: the dual accessmode allows a data storage device to receive data access requests from adirect-access storage interface and a network-access storage interfacesimultaneously; and the network-access mode allows the data storagedevice to receive data access requests from the network-access storageinterface only; receiving a first data access request from thedirect-access storage interface and a second data access request fromthe network-access storage interface while operating in the dual accessmode, wherein the first data access request and the second data accessrequest are received simultaneously; and scheduling the first dataaccess request and the second data access request while operating in thedual access mode.
 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:receiving a third data access request from the network-access storageinterface while operating in the network-access mode; and scheduling thethird data access request while operating in the network-access mode.21. The method of claim 19, further comprising: determining whether tooperate in a network-access mode, wherein the network-access mode allowsthe data storage device to receive data access requests from thenetwork-access storage interface only; receiving a third data accessrequest from the network-access storage interface while operating in thenetwork-access mode; and scheduling the third data access request whileoperating in the network-access mode.
 22. The method of claim 19,wherein scheduling the first data access request and the second dataaccess request comprises: determining a first priority for the firstdata access request and a second priority for the second data accessrequest; and scheduling the first data access request and the seconddata access request based on the first priority and the second priority.23. The method of claim 22, wherein: responsive to the first prioritybeing greater than or equal to the second priority, the first dataaccess request is scheduled before the second data access request; andresponsive to the first priority being less than the second priority,the first data access request is scheduled after the second data accessrequest.
 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the first priority and thesecond priority are based on interface types associated with the firstdata access request and the second data access request.
 25. The methodof claim 22, wherein the first priority and the second priority arebased on a first size for the first data access request and a secondsize for the second data access request.
 26. The method of claim 22,wherein the first priority and the second priority are based on a firststorage location associated with the first data access request and asecond storage location associated with the second data access request.27. The method of claim 19, further comprising: determining whether tooperate in the dual access mode or a direct-access mode, wherein thedirect-access mode allows the data storage device to receive data accessrequests from the direct-access storage interface only.
 28. A datastorage device, comprising: data storage means; and control meanscoupled to the data storage means, the control means configured to:determine whether to operate in a dual access mode or a direct-accessmode, wherein: the dual access mode allows a data storage device toreceive data access requests from a direct-access storage interface anda network-access storage interface simultaneously; and the direct-accessmode allows the data storage device to receive data access requests fromthe direct-access storage interface only; receive a first data accessrequest from the direct-access storage interface and a second dataaccess request from the network-access storage interface while operatingin the dual access mode, wherein the first data access request and thesecond data access request are received simultaneously; and schedule thefirst data access request and the second data access request whileoperating in the dual access mode.
 29. A data storage device,comprising: data storage means; and control means coupled to the datastorage means, the control means configured to: determine whether tooperate in a dual access mode or a network-access mode, wherein: thedual access mode allows a data storage device to receive data accessrequests from a direct-access storage interface and a network-accessstorage interface simultaneously; and the network-access mode allows thedata storage device to receive data access requests from thenetwork-access storage interface only; receive a first data accessrequest from the direct-access storage interface and a second dataaccess request from the network-access storage interface while operatingin the dual access mode, wherein the first data access request and thesecond data access request are received simultaneously; and schedule thefirst data access request and the second data access request whileoperating in the dual access mode.